江西省发展生态旅游的优势与战略探讨

在分析江西省发展生态旅游的资源、环境、建设基础等方面的基础上，提出了江西省发展生态旅游的目标和战略布局，重点探讨了发展生态旅游的具体措施。     

碳中和战略下林业碳汇引入生态修复司法之效能探究

2022年以来,部分法院接力推动林业碳汇引入生态修复司法的进程,并最终得到司法解释的认可,形成了林业碳汇替代性赔偿方案。林业碳汇交易系实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要路径,生态环境司法也提出要服务碳达峰、碳中和的实现。在此背景下,分析该方案的实践样态,探查林业碳汇引入生态修复司法的现实需求、原有制度的缺陷以及引入基础,揭示林业碳汇替代性赔偿方案的潜在效能,特别是其对碳达峰、碳中和战略的重要意义,从而尝试给出加速林业碳汇法律化进程,明确林业碳汇替代性赔偿方案的属性及实用领域等针对性优化建议。     

农机企业持续产品创新知识管理

知识经济的到来,使持续的产品创新能力成为农机企业发展的关键环节,而持续创新能力更多地来源于企业的知识管理水平和能力,知识管理是提高企业持续竞争能力的关键要素。文章提出了面向持续产品创新的知识管理,并协同企业业务战略模型,以期提高农机企业持续的产品创新能力。     

水利枢纽投资分摊的合作对策模型

水利建设项目一般具有多目标性，即一个综合利用枢纽往往具有防洪、发电、灌溉、航运等效益，因此投资分摊是否合理不仅关系到各部门参与项目合作的积极性，而且还关系到类似建设项目的融资问题。针对水利枢纽投资分摊的合作对策模型，提出了利用合作对策模型中的夏普利定理来解决水利枢纽的投资分摊问题，使分摊结果更为合理。     

自动变速车辆坡道行驶自适应换挡策略

在分析汽车纵向动力学模型的基础上,运用改进型最小二乘法对整车质量与广义坡度进行实时辨识,以克服采用单一遗忘因子的最小二乘辨识法对变化不同步的参数辨识效果不佳的缺点。制定了自适应坡道换挡策略并进行了实车道路试验。试验结果证明,新型换挡策略能有效地解决了传统换挡策略在坡道行驶时的问题,能够更好地满足自动变速器坡道行驶的要求。     

柴油机可调两级增压系统高原自适应控制策略

为提升某V型柴油机的高海拔性能,通过可调两级增压系统的匹配计算,确定了高低压级涡轮和压气机的特性。基于变海拔稳态工况性能目标,进行了柴油机全工况最佳阀门开度和最佳增压压力的标定计算。建立了柴油机的瞬态响应仿真模型,计算分析了海拔高度对增压压力瞬态响应特性的影响规律。根据最佳增压压力MAP图设计了开环和闭环控制策略,在不同海拔高度下研究其改善增压压力瞬态响应特性的能力。结果表明:与开环控制策略相比,闭环控制策略能更好地改善柴油机变海拔的瞬态响应性能。通过采用增压压力的闭环控制策略,平原工况的增压系统响应时间由2.82 s减少到2.41 s,海拔3 000 m时由3.20 s减少到2.32 s,响应时间减少了27.5%;海拔4 500 m时由3.41 s减少到2.25 s,在很大程度上减弱了海拔高度对发动机瞬态响应特性的影响。     

中国农业粮食直接补贴政策效应的实证分析研究

本文以河南省为研究对象,对粮食直补政策的实施效果进行调查、研究及分析。在此基础上,运用经济学理论对河南省的粮食直接补贴政策进行了深入的理论分析和实证研究,主要包括直补政策对我国粮食供求状况、政策的得利最多者以及对粮食产量和价格等方面的影响。结果发现:在粮食直接补贴政策中受益最多的并不是粮食生产者而是消费者,并且粮食直接补贴政策不能平抑粮食产量和价格的波动。进而提出完善河南省和全国粮食直接补贴政策的对策建议。     

农机制造企业集群发展战略研究

我省是农业大省，也是农机大省，无论是农业机械化水平，还是农机制造业水平都位居全国首位。从企业集群化发展战略管理理论的分析入手，对我省农机制造业企业的现状进行了研究，总结了国内外企业集群发展的成功经验，理论与实践相结合，提出了可供借鉴的集群发展模式和相应的对策建议。     

电喷发动机用甲醇裂解气制备与控制技术

以一台电喷发动机为研究对象,设计甲醇裂解装置和控制单元,制定控制策略,并在发动机上进行了标定试验和性能试验.结果表明:设计的裂解器及电控单元,实现了汽油起动后燃料的平稳切换及完全裂解气模式下自动运行;裂解气中除含有H2和CO外,还含有一定量的CH3OH蒸汽,其中H2占23.3％ ～ 46％,CO占11.6％ ～23％,CH3OH蒸汽占31％ ～65％;另外,裂解气发动机的燃料经济性也较汽油机有所改善.     

New technologies, marketing strategies and public policy for traditional food crops: Millet in Niger

New technology introduction in this semiarid region of the Sahel is hypothesized to be made more difficult by three price problems in the region. First, staple prices collapse annually at harvest. Secondly, there is a between year price collapse in good and very good years due to the inelastic demand for the principal staple, millet, and the large changes in supply from weather and other stochastic factors. Thirdly, government and NGOs intervene in adverse rainfall years to drive down the price increases. Marketing strategies were proposed for the first two price problems and a public policy change for the third. To analyze this question at the firm level a farm programming model was constructed. Based upon surveying in four countries, including Niger, farmers state that they have two primary objectives in agricultural production, first achieving a harvest income target and secondly achieving their family subsistence objective with production and purchases later in the year. Farmers are observed selling their millet at harvest and rebuying millet later in the year. So the first objective takes precedence over the second. A lexicographic utility function was used in which these primary objectives of the farmer are first satisfied and then profits are maximized. According to the model new technology would be introduced even without the marketing strategies. However, the marketing strategies accelerated the technology introduction process and further increased farmers’ incomes. Of the three marketing-policy changes only a change in public policy with a reduction of the price depressing effect (cereal imports or stock releases) substantially increases farmers’ incomes in the adverse years. In developed countries crop insurance and disaster assistance is used to protect farmers in semiarid regions during bad and very bad (disaster) rainfall years. In developing countries finding alternatives to the poverty-nutritional problems of urban residents and poor farmers to substitute for driving down food prices in adverse years could perform the same function as crop insurance in developed countries of facilitating technological introduction by increasing incomes in adverse rainfall years in developed countries.